Harnessing power system flexibility under multiple uncertainties

Increasing the intermittent outputs of renewable energy sources (RESs) has forced planners to define a new concept named flexibility. In this regard, some short- and long-term solutions, such as transmission expansion planning (TEP) storage systems (ESSs) have been suggested improve flexibility amount. A proper optimization procedure is required choose an optimal solution Therefore, mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) direct-optimization TEP versus ESSs co-planning model presented in paper enhance power system doing so, novel RES-BESS-based grid-scale metric proposed investigate improvement amount via modules numerical structure. paper, repetitive fast offline method quickly reach desired by defining engineering price/benefit trade-off finally find best investment plan. Also, multiple uncertainties associated with wind farms demanded loads practical module-type battery (BESS) structure for each node are defined. The applied modified IEEE 73-bus test including farms, where results prove efficiency BESS impacts on flexibility, plans economics.